{"id":56738,"date":"2023-06-30T00:27:55","date_gmt":"2023-06-30T07:27:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/?p=56738"},"modified":"2023-06-30T00:27:59","modified_gmt":"2023-06-30T07:27:59","slug":"nowhere-to-turn-few-legal-paths-for-migrants-fleeing-war-hunger-and-climate-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/en\/nowhere-to-turn-few-legal-paths-for-migrants-fleeing-war-hunger-and-climate-change\/","title":{"rendered":"Nowhere to Turn: Few Legal Paths for Migrants Fleeing War, Hunger and Climate Change"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

From the shores of Greece to the U.S. southern border, across Turkey, North Africa and along the length of the America\u2019s, the flow of humanity fleeing war, violence, poverty, and hunger is rising year-by-year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And, experts say, government policies are exacerbating this growing humanitarian catastrophe even as climate change threatens to swell migrant numbers to new heights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPeople are seeking refuge,\u201d says Susan Fratzke, Senior Policy Analyst with the Migration Policy Institute\u2019s International Program, who notes migrant flows over the last decade have not only grown but have become more global in scale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPeople are not just moving to a country right across the border\u2026 or even one or two countries further on,\u201d she explains. \u201cPeople are seeking refuge, really, across the world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Last year alone, Europe took in nearly 1 million applications for asylum \u2014 from countries as removed as Syria and Afghanistan to Colombia and Venezuela \u2014 on top of the 4 million Ukrainians who have resettled within the bloc since Russia\u2019s invasion one year ago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey is home to between 4 and 6 million migrants and refugees, in addition to being a major transit corridor for those seeking passage to Europe, while across Latin America some 7 million Venezuelans have spread across the continent, many of them settling in Colombia and Peru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fratzke, who spoke during a panel discussion<\/a> last week on the nexus of climate change and global migration flows, says the growing numbers belie the reality that for many seeking to flee conditions at home, the options to do so legally are few and far between.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThere is a lack of legal pathways for people to move globally,\u201d she noted, explaining that most developed countries impose work and family restrictions on would-be migrants that favor skilled laborers and nuclear families, leaving those most vulnerable to the whims of smugglers and organized crime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And that policy framework, she notes, is contributing to the scenes of chaos witnessed, for example, along the US southern border<\/a> or in Greece, where authorities were found in April to be abandoning migrants at sea<\/a>, in violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Climate change fueling migrant crisis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this comes as the World Meteorological Organization says that the next five years are likely to be the hottest on record<\/a> as an El Ni\u00f1o pattern sets in, threatening more torrential downpours, prolonged and deadlier heat waves and more intense periods of drought and wildfires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThis will have far-reaching repercussions for health, food security, water management and the environment,\u201d warned Petteri Taalas<\/a>, the secretary general of the meteorological organization. \u201cWe need to be prepared.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amali Tower is the founder and executive director of the non-profit Climate Refugees<\/a>. \u201cThere is absolutely no doubt that climate change is driving global displacement,\u201d she said, noting that every year some 23 million people are displaced by climate and weather-related events. And while many of these people remain internally displaced within their home countries, anywhere from 80-90 percent of cross-border refugees worldwide come from countries deemed most vulnerable to climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite that fact, \u201cclimate refugee\u201d is still not a recognized legal category under international law. According to the 1951 Refugee Convention, individuals can seek asylum only based on persecution because of race, religion, membership in a particular group (eg sexual orientation), or political opinion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tower notes many cross-border asylum seekers are therefore often reluctant to cite climate as a driving reason for their claims, a reality she says led her to start her organization. \u201cIt was refugees themselves who were disclosing to me how much climate change and environmental degradation were a factor,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Building a \u2018climate fortress\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrew Rosenberg, assistant professor of Political Science at the University of Florida and author of \u201cUndesirable Immigrants: Why Racism Persists in International Migration,\u201d says the response in the West to date has been to create what he termed a \u201cclimate fortress.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Citing historical racism and a legacy of colonialism, Rosenberg says rising anti-migrant antipathy across much of the West is likely to grow as the number of migrants increase, providing fodder to \u201centerprising politicians\u201d eager to ride a wave of populist resentment into power by promising to further tighten borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cGiven the conditions of prejudice, inequality, and resentment in the Global North,\u201d he speculated, \u201cI think it\u2019s unlikely that the West will have the political will to help.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Instead, says Tower, many are investing in tightening their borders, spending as much as two-to-one on border enhancements over and above investments in climate finance that could otherwise help developing nations more effectively weather the damage wrought by climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYou could say that border security is their climate policy,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That leaves much of the burden on the shoulders of poorer countries, which today host approximately 80 percent of the more than 100 million displaced peoples worldwide<\/a> even as they contend with the growing impacts of climate change, which some have estimated to have cost upwards of $6 trillion<\/a> to the global economy. Most of this, again, has fallen on low-income countries that have contributed the least to global warming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Investing in resilience<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

For Hossein Ayazi, policy analyst with the Global Justice program at the University of California, Berkeley, this confluence of intertwined forces \u2014 what many have taken to calling the \u201cpolycrisis<\/a>\u201d \u2014 leads to several important questions, chief among them: how are Global South countries building resilience to the climate crisis?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Earlier this year, Ayazi and his colleagues published the results of a survey<\/a> looking at how environmental and agricultural organizations across Africa are tackling this question. Many pointed to the emergence of localized economies built around sustainable food systems and a shift away from reliance on resource extraction \u2013 including fossil fuels \u2013 which has typically enriched wealthier countries at the cost of local ecosystems and the global climate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThis means actually transforming the very conditions that force displacement itself,\u201d said Ayazi, noting that support for such efforts by wealthier countries is \u201ckey to addressing both the climate crisis and to mitigating climate-induced migration.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

From the shores of Greece to the U.S. southern border, across Turkey, North Africa and along the length of the America\u2019s, the flow of humanity fleeing war, violence, poverty, and hunger is rising year-by-year. And, experts say, government policies are exacerbating this growing humanitarian catastrophe even as climate change threatens to swell migrant numbers to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":56741,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"newspack_popups_has_disabled_popups":false,"newspack_featured_image_position":"","newspack_post_subtitle":"","newspack_article_summary_title":"Overview:","newspack_article_summary":"","newspack_hide_updated_date":false,"newspack_show_updated_date":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3576,7],"tags":[11313],"coauthors":[24009],"class_list":["post-56738","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-immigration-news","category-news","tag-migrants","entry"],"yoast_head":"\nNowhere to Turn: Few Legal Paths for Migrants Fleeing War, Hunger and Climate Change - El Tecolote<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"From the shores of Greece to the U.S. southern border, across Turkey, North Africa and along the length of the America\u2019s, the flow of humanity fleeing\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/en\/nowhere-to-turn-few-legal-paths-for-migrants-fleeing-war-hunger-and-climate-change\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nowhere to Turn: Few Legal Paths for Migrants Fleeing War, Hunger and Climate Change - 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