{"id":41413,"date":"2019-08-29T15:48:39","date_gmt":"2019-08-29T22:48:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/?p=41413"},"modified":"2019-08-29T15:48:39","modified_gmt":"2019-08-29T22:48:39","slug":"as-climate-change-worsens-puerto-rico-continues-to-drown-under-the-weight-of-u-s-imperialism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/en\/as-climate-change-worsens-puerto-rico-continues-to-drown-under-the-weight-of-u-s-imperialism\/","title":{"rendered":"As climate change worsens, Puerto Rico continues to drown under the weight of U.S. imperialism"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
THE FLOOD (2017) Oil and metal leaf on canvas 30 x 30 inches. Private Collection. By Patrick McGrath Mu\u00f1iz\/retabloarts.com<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

<\/b>Despite the recent media attention surrounding the ousted Gov. Ricardo Rossello, a critical tenant remains absent in mainstream dialogue on the political and social landscape of Puerto Rico: colonialism.<\/p>\n

Colonialism has designated Puerto Ricans to a state of second class citizenship and heightened vulnerability, leaving its civilians ill equipped to face the consequences of climate change. To understand the criticality of a movement for Puerto Rico\u2019s liberation, Jose E. Lopez\u2014a leading member of the Puerto Rican Independence Movement\u2014says one must first understand the\u00a0 <\/span>\u201ccontext of colonialism, resistance and, of course, resilience,\u201d which has narrated the history of the island.<\/p>\n

In an August webinar, Voices of Puerto Rico, Lopez highlights the significance of\u00a0 <\/span>Rossello\u2019s resignation, which came a mere seconds before July 25 earlier this year. That same date on 1898 marked the United States invasion of Puerto Rico, and the same date in 1950 marked the establishment of Puerto Rico as a Commonwealth Territory\u2014excluding the island from the United Nations\u2019 Special Committee on Decolonization\u2014subsequently condemning Puerto Rico to a colonial state, devoid of accountability.<\/p>\n

The history of July 25, addressed by Lopez, only begins to unearth Puerto Rico\u2019s oppression under the calculated rule of the United States. SF State Ethnic Studies professor and leading activist Rosa Clemente, advocates for the teaching of Puerto Rican history in public schools.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe [Puerto Ricans] were colonized, we were sterilized, we were incarcerated and our own movements infiltrated,\u201d she said, recounting what she tells her own students. Clemente\u2019s words confirm the trajectory of Puerto Rico\u2019s history.<\/p>\n

In the spring of 1898, the U.S. colonized Puerto Rico, exploiting the land and people to build a sugar market. In 1901, the Insular Cases\u2014a series of opinions by the Supreme Court\u2014deemed Puerto Ricans an alien race, incapable of understanding \u201canglo-saxon principles,\u201d an assertion which barred Puerto Rico from a pathway to statehood. In 1917, Puerto Rican\u2019s received citizenship under the Jones Shafroth Act, solely to fulfill a need for soldiers to defend the Panama Canal in World War I (the U.S. government believed white soldiers could not withstand fighting in the tropics and so Puerto Ricans found deployment under the title of \u201cimmunes\u201d). In 1920, the Merchant Marine Act dictated that only American ships may carry goods between the states and the island, cementing Puerto Rico\u2019s economic reliance on the U.S. In 1937, the Ponce Massacre occurred, in which police officers attacked peaceful protestors, who called for independence, slaughtering 22 and wounding over a hundred. In 1948, the Gag Law criminalized any individual who displayed a Puerto Rico flag or assembled in favor of Puerto Rico\u2019s independence.<\/p>\n

Laura Hernandez\u2014a Puerto Rican psychologist currently writing her dissertation on government response to natural disasters in metropolitan versus rural areas\u2014affirms Lopez\u2019s message of resilience.<\/p>\n

Hernandez vividly recounts the differences in how San Juan rebounded after Maria compared to towns in the countryside, like Yabucoa.<\/p>\n

\u201cI saw the difference between San Juan and the mountain side of Puerto Rico,\u201d Hernandez said. \u201cTheir journey to rebuild communities was very different. In Yabucoa, the disaster was at 100 percent. They did not have food or water and we had to bring them necessities for the three months after Hurricane Maria.\u201d<\/p>\n

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MADONNA DE LA BARCA DE LOS LOCOS (2013) Oil on canvas 24 x 36 inches. Private Collection. By Patrick McGrath Mu\u00f1iz\/retabloarts.com<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

As reported by NBC news, FEMA deployed 800 personnel, but families in rural communities, like Arrecibo\u2014which was destroyed by 8-foot floods\u2014seemingly never received help from FEMA. Community members in Arrecibo waited in nine-hour lines for gas and had to travel by foot to find shelter. Hernandez confirms the disconnect.<\/p>\n

\u201cIn my voluntary work, I saw stamps in some parts saying that FEMA was there but when I talked to people it became clear FEMA was not really helping them.\u201d<\/p>\n

In sharp opposition to the narrow depiction of Puerto Ricans in the Netflix documentary, After Maria, Boricuas refused to wait for aid. \u201cThe [American] Psychological Association was very active to help in the process [of rebuilding], and universities went to the streets helping everyone out in isolated communities like Yabucoa and Manguo,\u201d Hernandez said.<\/p>\n

Compounding the problem of isolation from resources, Hernandez speaks of how trauma manifested in deeply impacted communities. \u201cAfter Maria or any natural disaster, you will witness Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD),\u201d she said. \u201cWhen it started to rain, people would have anxiety attacks, start crying and children would hide.\u201d<\/p>\n

The death toll of 2,975 people\u2014released by the Government of Puerto Rico only after receiving harsh criticism over their initial death of 64\u2014fails to account for suicide deaths. \u201cIn different parts of Puerto Rico, there was one suicide per day,\u201d Hernandez said. \u201cIn one particular case I worked on, a man was suicidal because he lost his agricultural job and was planning to hang himself. Thanks to resources provided by my program, he was able to build back his house and is doing well now.\u201d<\/p>\n

Hernandez proudly points out that the heart of Puerto Rico lies in the peoples\u2019 willingness to self-mobilize and create resources where they lack. \u201cWe didn\u2019t wait for FEMA, that\u2019s our true legacy,\u201d said Hernandez.<\/p>\n

Due to climate change, Puerto Rico\u2019s legacy of self-mobilization must prevail again to simply secure a near future. Researchers predict that wind speeds will increase by 29 miles-per-hour and that the rainfall of hurricanes and cyclones will increase by 30 percent.<\/p>\n

To put this into perspective, \u201cfive or 10 percent more rain can make a big difference, the carrying capacity of storm-water systems in a town or city can then be breached,\u201d said atmospheric scientist James Elsner, in-interview with The Guardian.<\/p>\n

For Puerto Rico, this means devastation incomparable to the horrors of Maria. Despite this, Hernandez remains confident in Puerto Rico\u2019s ability to overcome, specifically lauding the current generation which stood at the frontlines of #RickyRenuncia.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis generation that is rising is of total opposition to the norm. That is why people are going to be afraid and unbalanced,\u201d Hernandez said. \u2018We are taking it to the next level and we are showing you that we have a voice, and we will be heard.\u201d <\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Despite the recent media attention surrounding the ousted Gov. Ricardo Rossello, a critical tenant remains absent in mainstream dialogue on the political and social landscape of Puerto Rico: colonialism. Colonialism has designated Puerto Ricans to a state of second class citizenship and heightened vulnerability, leaving its civilians ill equipped to face the consequences of climate […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":41414,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"newspack_popups_has_disabled_popups":false,"newspack_featured_image_position":"","newspack_post_subtitle":"","newspack_article_summary_title":"Overview:","newspack_article_summary":"","newspack_hide_updated_date":false,"newspack_show_updated_date":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3929],"tags":[16648,18150,14792,5585],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-41413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-en","tag-climate-change-en","tag-colonialism","tag-hurricane-maria","tag-puerto-rico-en","entry"],"yoast_head":"\nAs climate change worsens, Puerto Rico continues to drown under the weight of U.S. imperialism - El Tecolote<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Despite the recent media attention surrounding the ousted Gov. 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