{"id":36754,"date":"2018-01-25T16:12:13","date_gmt":"2018-01-25T23:12:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/?p=36754"},"modified":"2018-01-25T16:12:13","modified_gmt":"2018-01-25T23:12:13","slug":"internment-survivor-shares-painful-history-in-hopes-of-avoiding-mistakes-of-past","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/en\/internment-survivor-shares-painful-history-in-hopes-of-avoiding-mistakes-of-past\/","title":{"rendered":"Internment survivor shares painful history in hopes of avoiding mistakes of past"},"content":{"rendered":"

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<\/b>After staring at the massive glass wall inside the Presidio Officers\u2019 Club, which listed more than 100,000 names of Japanese Americans interned during World War II, Arthur Yasushi Sato eventually found the names he was looking for.<\/p>\n

\u201cI can\u2019t call it excitement,\u201d Sato said, describing his experience of the exhibit \u201cExclusion: The Presidio\u2019s Role in World War II Japanese American Incarceration,\u201d which he visited with his son, Ilyich \u201cEquipto\u201d Sato. Together, they located the names of Sato\u2019s father, mother and older sister. \u201cIt was this feeling that they were there\u2014acknowledgment that they were there\u2026 victims of this grave injustice.\u201d<\/p>\n

One name Sato didn\u2019t find was his own. On June 26, 1944\u00a0 <\/span>Sato was born (two years into the internment of Japanese Americans) in southeast Colorado in the incarceration camp of Amache, also known by its government name Granada War Relocation Center.<\/p>\n

Exclusion exhibit<\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u201cPledge Allegiance,\u201d made of barbed wire and barrack wood from the Tule Lake Incarceration Camp where the artist Judy Shintani\u2019s father was imprisoned, 2014. Courtesy: The Presidio<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The Presidio\u2019s exhibit opened in April of 2017, 75 years after president Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) signed Executive Order 9066, which led to the forced removal and incarceration of 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry from the West Coast.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe order came from here,\u201d said CEO of Presidio Trust Jean Fraser, during an ethnic media roundtable organized by New America Media on Oct. 5, 2017. \u201cWe need to understand why this happened.\u201d<\/p>\n

The short answer as to why 120,000 people were incarcerated is fear.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s one of the great ironies that our president [FDR] started his tenure with words about, \u2018All we have to fear, is fear itself,\u2019 [and then] created an executive order that empowered a general here to incarcerate more than 100,000 people out of fear,\u201d said Eric Blind, Presidio trust director of heritage programs. \u201cOne of the things that we found through our research was how this manifested itself \u2026 [through] a series of small actions.\u201d<\/p>\n

Those actions began after Pearl Harbor with Lieutenant General John L. DeWitt, who signed 108 civilian exclusion orders from his Western Defense Command office in the Presidio\u2019s building 35, which implemented Executive Order 9066.<\/p>\n

Before signing those orders, however, Dewitt doubted that incarcerating Japanese Americans\u201460 of whom were students at the Presidio\u2019s Military Intelligence Service Language School as part of the War effort\u2014should be, or even could be done.<\/p>\n

\u201cAfter all, an American citizen is an American citizen,\u201d Dewitt reportedly said.<\/p>\n

\u201cBut there were voices that kept talking to [Dewitt],\u201d Blind explained, singling out Colonel Karl Bendetsen. Bendetsen \u201ckept talking to him about their fears, about their suspicions, about \u2018the other.\u2019 About other people in our midsts, and what would happen if decisive action was not taken.\u201d<\/p>\n

Dewitt ignored his own initial skepticism (and the due process of American citizens) and set the wheels in motion for Japanese incarceration.<\/p>\n

Tomomi and Kimiye Sato were two of those incarcerated.<\/p>\n

A Sato story<\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Art Sato holds a photo from his childhood of himself, his mother Kimiye and father Tomomi while they were imprisoned at the Amache incarceration camp. Photo: Alexis Terrazas<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tomomi (who was called Tom) was born and raised in Sacramento, and Kimiye (who was called Kimi) Oshita was born in Castroville. The two were \u201cNisei\u201d (meaning the first generation of American-born children of Japanese parents) and came from farming families. Tom and Kimi married and settled in Sacramento until WWII.<\/p>\n

At the time of their forced evacuation, Kimi was pregnant with her first child, Gloria. While Tom was sent to Camp Amache, Kimi was went to Merced Temporary Assembly Center.<\/p>\n

\u201cI hate the name,\u201d Sato said in reference to the temporary camps that held Japanese Americans while the permanent camps were being built and finished. Tom was forced to miss the birth of his first child. \u201cThey were separated. After the birth, they put them on a train.\u201d<\/p>\n

Of the 120,000 people who were incarcerated, two thirds were American-born citizens.<\/p>\n

\u201cThat other third were the \u2018Issei\u2019 (Japanese immigrants to North America), who were not allowed to be citizens,\u201d Sato said. \u201cIt\u2019s not that they didn\u2019t want to be. Because of the racist immigration law of 1926, they were forbidden from being citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n

Two years later, the couple had their second child, Arthur. Sato has no memories of Amache, which closed Oct. 15, 1945, a year and four months after he was born. But a lover of jazz, the song \u201cDenver Union Station,\u201d by saxophonist Francis Wong and Fresno-born former Oregon Poet Laureate Lawson Inada, is one that strongly resonates with him. Inada, who also was incarcerated at Amche as a child, tells the story, in poetry and music, of being released from Amache and put on a train to Denver Union Station.<\/p>\n

\u201cI was on that train, probably in my mother\u2019s arms,\u201d Sato said.<\/p>\n

Sato has never been to Amache, but he plans to visit the site of his birth with his son.<\/p>\n

\u201cI\u2019m also very curious about if that train still runs from Granada, to Denver Union Station,\u201d Sato said. \u201cBecause I would love to ride that.\u201d<\/p>\n

After internment<\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Art Sato\u2019s grandparents from his Oshita mother\u2019s side, standing in front of a rock garden they built in Amache. Courtesy: Art Sato<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tom and Kimi decided to stay in Denver and seek out a new home, and had another child, Janet, because Sato explained, \u201cthe racism [in California] had even heightened after the war, because they didn\u2019t want the Japanese coming back.\u201d<\/p>\n

According to Richard Reeves, author of the book about internment, \u201cInfamy,\u201d one San Francisco Examiner columnist at the time wrote that she would \u201cslit the throat\u201d of any internee who attempted to return to California.<\/p>\n

\u201cAnd this was commonplace. It was normal, it was accepted in the media,\u201d Sato said. Though WWII had ended, the slurs towards Japanese didn\u2019t. WWII movies were huge in the 1950s, as the United States continued to wage wars in Asia. \u201cThe dehumanization of the Japanese was just unbelievable.\u201d<\/p>\n

The Sato\u2019s did eventually return to Sacramento, where Tom worked as a gardener until the day he retired.<\/p>\n

\u201cCalifornia was his home, and my mom\u2019s home\u2026 the only home they knew,\u201d Sato said.<\/p>\n

Tom and Kimi, like many Japanese families after WWII, rarely spoke about the experience with their children.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere was a lot of shame,\u201d Sato said.<\/p>\n

But when Sato and his sisters were old enough their mother did break her silence.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWe were all in elementary school, being indoctrinated, you could say, to the values of American democracy and so forth,\u201d Sato remembered. \u201cAnd I think it was my older sister Gloria, she was saying, \u2018And people didn\u2019t say anything?\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

They did not, Kimi told her children. \u201cThat\u2019s the memory I have,\u201d Sato said. \u201cAnd it wasn\u2019t talked about a whole lot after that.\u201d<\/p>\n

But Sato wouldn\u2019t stay silent.<\/p>\n

Sato the activist<\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Art Sato and his mother Kimiye at the Amache incarceration camp in southeast Colorado, circa 1944. Courtesy: Art Sato<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Though his upbringing was \u201capolitical,\u201d Sato began developing a social consciousness after graduating from San Francisco State and being drafted into the Vietnam War as a medic. He was stationed in Thailand.<\/p>\n

\u201cAlmost overwhelmingly, people were being sent to Vietnam, and medics had a high mortality rate, understandably, because you have to go where people have been shot,\u201d Sato said. \u201cBut I lucked out.\u201d<\/p>\n

Sato returned to the United States in 1969, and joined the protests against the Vietnam war.<\/p>\n

\u201cMy parents\u2014and much of that generation\u2014they were so much into assimilating back and becoming good Americans,\u201d Sato said. \u201cAnd even if they thought this was wrong, [there was this] fear of, \u2018We don\u2019t want to go back to the camps, we don\u2019t want you going to jail.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

After September 11, 2001, Sato\u2019s activist ideals were again brought into focus.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe left and progressives went into the shadows and didn\u2019t come out for a long time. Everyone knew the response would be war,\u201d Sato said. \u201cBut one thing the Japanese American organizations did, because they knew it\u2019s not enough to mourn for the victims\u2014yes, you have to mourn for the victims who are caught up in this horrific thing\u2014but you have to prevent further victims. The victims to come. You have to have the foresight to see what\u2019s coming.\u201d<\/p>\n

The victims to come are why Sato feels compelled to tell his story.<\/p>\n

\u201cRight now I feel more of an urgency and responsibility to speak out than ever,\u201d Sato said. \u201cIt\u2019s important that people who are being criminalized and persecuted and demonized, that they know that they are not alone, that they\u2019ve got a lot of allies here that are willing to do whatever to stop this.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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