{"id":13982,"date":"2012-04-05T22:34:19","date_gmt":"2012-04-06T05:34:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/?p=13982"},"modified":"2012-04-05T22:35:55","modified_gmt":"2012-04-06T05:35:55","slug":"mission-youth-face-danger-and-difficulties","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/en\/mission-youth-face-danger-and-difficulties\/","title":{"rendered":"Mission youth face danger and difficulties"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
HOMEY code of conduct hangs near the entrance to their organization\u2019s space. Photo By Alex Emslie<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Despite a 50 percent decrease in homicides over the past three years in San Francisco, incidents of violence and murder remain unchanged in several of the city\u2019s \u201chot zones,\u201d defined by the SFPD.<\/p>\n

One of those zones is the Mission District, a historically Latino neighborhood that has changed drastically over the past decade. As rents rise and coffee shops patronized by young professionals who are new to the neighborhood spring up, violence prevention organizations like Homies Organizing the Mission to Empower Youth are working to keep youth off the streets and out of gangs.<\/p>\n

HOMEY was formed in 1999 and serves people between 13 and 24 years old, the very demographic that is most involved with street crime, according to the city\u2019s Department of Children, Youth, and Their Families.<\/p>\n

Last year, HOMEY served 64 youths, 12 of whom were in an intensive caseworker program that was shut down this year due to a loss of funding from the DCYF. Right now, 20 young people regularly attend HOMEY\u2019s programs.<\/p>\n

The loss of the caseworker program hit the organization hard, and when HOMEY Director Roberto Alfaro talks about it, the frustration in his voice is noticeable. He said the ten-year-old program allowed them to do real one-on-one work with the most at-risk youths, and that it was beginning to produce real results.<\/p>\n

Alfaro grew up in the neighborhood and has watched it change. He said the mainstream media often presents the Mission as an \u201cup-and-coming\u201d neighborhood with a \u201cnegative background,\u201d which he said is sometimes a euphemism for \u201cLatino\u201d or \u201cimmigrant.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s a disgrace how these young people get treated,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

Since the murder of Anthony Bologna and two of his sons in 2008, the crime for which Salvadoran immigrant Edwin Ramos is currently standing trial, Alfaro has seen the public take a much harsher stance against the at-risk youth he works with.<\/p>\n

\u201cYou read the comments under stories in the LA Times and other places, and people write, \u2018They should deport them all,\u2019 and really derogatory, racist language, and you can see how criminalized young people have become,\u201d Alfaro said. \u201cWhen you see young people succeed and become leaders, we\u2019re saving our community one person at a time. That\u2019s violence prevention work. That\u2019s the hopeful part.\u201d<\/p>\n

Who gets murdered?<\/strong>
\nAccording to the DCYF, 38 percent of the 98 homicide victims in 2008 were under 25 years old, and 94 percent of them had dropped out of high school before being killed.<\/p>\n

Homicide is the leading cause of death for San Franciscans under 24, and the murder rate of the city (30 homicides for every 100,000 residents) is nearly twice the state average.<\/p>\n

\u201cViolence is a public health issue and a silent epidemic,\u201d said Diana Oliva-Aroche, planning and policy manager for violence prevention and intervention at the DCYF.<\/p>\n

According to U.S. Census data, Latinos made up just over 15 percent of San Francisco\u2019s population in 2010 and African Americans comprised fewer than six percent. But the two groups accounted for 75 percent of referrals to the city\u2019s juvenile justice department, according to the DCYF.<\/p>\n

Oliva-Aroche said there are many reasons why violence remains entrenched in some neighborhoods; multi-generational gang membership, a street economy that offers a better alternative to legitimate job prospects, poverty and an abundance of guns are among them.<\/p>\n

\u201cYou have to look at the historical trajectory of violence in these neighborhoods,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
HOMEY members participate in the health, housing and public services rally outside City Hall on March 27. Photo courtesy of HOMEY<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Who joins gangs?<\/strong>
\nAlfaro said there is no monolithic cause for young people to join gangs or become victims of street violence, but that many are also dealing with overarching social conditions\u2014poverty, inequality, institutional racism and broken homes\u2014that leave certain populations more susceptible to street violence.<\/p>\n

Daniel Mancia, 29, said if it weren\u2019t for programs like HOMEY, he would likely be in prison or dead. He was raised by his Salvadoran mother in Hunters Point and began hanging out around 24th and Mission streets when he was in middle school. By the time he was 13, Mancia was incarcerated in San Francisco\u2019s juvenile justice system.<\/p>\n

\u201cThat left me in a revolving-door cycle that was really hard to break,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

Mancia\u2019s was one of only a few Latino families in Hunters Point in the mid-nineties. As a first generation Salvadoran-American who grew up around Puerto Ricans and spoke English as a second language, Mancia said he had to defend himself in his neighborhood, so he learned how to box at Ralph Park.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt was dangerous back then,\u201d he said. \u201cPeople were getting killed left and right by my house. As a child it was terrifying being up there. You always heard gunshots and people getting shot. Sometimes I knew them.\u201d<\/p>\n

When he started attending Horace Mann middle school in the Mission, Mancia was attracted to the camaraderie and safety of his crew on 24th Street, many of whom were in gangs.<\/p>\n

\u201cNothing could happen to any of us because we were solid like that, and close-knit,\u201d he said.
\nMancia said he was never officially \u201cjumped in\u201d to a gang, and he never got a tattoo.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhen it comes to concrete affiliations, it\u2019s very difficult to leave, and your loved ones may be at risk,\u201d Oliva-Aroche said. \u201cBut I think people can walk away from that lifestyle. Individuals can have redemption and become better human begins. They often become the best change makers in their communities.\u201d<\/p>\n

Getting out<\/strong>
\nMancia has worked with the Central American Resource Center, a Mission community-based service provider that advocates for Latinos and immigrants. As part of its public health approach to building a strong community, CARECEN houses one of the few affordable outlets for former gang members to remove gang-related tattoos, which can be a long and expensive process.<\/p>\n

Vanessa Bohm coordinates CARECEN\u2019s Second Chance Tattoo Removal program, which currently serves 150 to 200 clients. With CARECEN\u2019s technology, removing a tattoo can take years of treatments administered at least six weeks apart to allow the skin to heal, Bohm said, and sometimes the process gets interrupted by other factors in clients\u2019 lives.<\/p>\n

She said the demand for the service is much greater than what CARECEN can provide.<\/p>\n

After several of his friends were killed, and two received life sentences for crimes he doesn\u2019t believe they committed, Mancia decided to change.<\/p>\n

\u201cI had an epiphany of some sort, that my friends might never come home, and I don\u2019t want to be in a situation where I\u2019m never coming home,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

Mancia now volunteers at HOMEY and other youth violence prevention programs offering youth alternatives to the street. He is pursuing an associate\u2019s degree from City College of San Francisco.<\/p>\n

\u201cEducation helped me grow, and it helped me climb out of the hole I sunk myself into,\u201d Mancia wrote in an email. \u201cIt\u2019s the whole reason why I am still free and alive.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
HOMEY members pose for a photo at their office on Mission Street. Photo courtesy of HOMEY<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ramos reaction<\/strong>
\nTo use people like Ramos to push an anti-immigrant political agenda will only increase street violence, Alfaro said.<\/p>\n

\u201cHarsher immigration enforcement on the streets will inevitably cause a higher volume of street violence,\u201d he said, and Oliva-Aroche agreed.<\/p>\n

\u201cDid the Ramos case happen because we were loose on immigration? No,\u201d she said. \u201cGun crime and street violence started here and has migrated south. Violence transcends borders.\u201d<\/p>\n

Instead, Alfaro, Oliva-Aroche and Bohm said increasing access to services for undocumented immigrants would positively affect the city\u2019s street violence.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis is real to me. If we can help young people get a green card, I could get a bunch of young people jobs. That would really help,\u201d he said. \u201cNot enough emphasis is placed on what immigrants and undocumented immigrants do that\u2019s positive.\u201d<\/p>\n

CARECEN has lost funding over the past few years too, Bohm said, and the cuts have impacted the organization\u2019s youth violence prevention work. If the nation put a higher priority on helping youth instead of penalizing them, real progress could be made in reducing violence, she said.<\/p>\n

The DCYF received 139 requests for funding totaling close to $35 million in its last round of granting, Oliva-Aroche said, but the department only had about $15.5 million to distribute. The DCYF conducted 31 interviews and eight community input sessions prior to the granting process to identify priorities that would most impact re-offending, Oliva-Aroche said.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf you gave folks legitimate employment and got them stable housing, they would prop up the economy, have more resources and be farther from the poverty line,\u201d Bohm said. \u201cAnd you would see a great reduction in gang activity.\u201d<\/p>\n

Bohm said that changes to the city\u2019s Sanctuary Policy in the wake of the Ramos case do nothing for security and betray an important trust between law enforcement and San Francisco\u2019s immigrant communities.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere are cases of domestic violence where women are attacked, report it, and they suffer the consequences,\u201d she said. \u201cThat does nothing for security.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Despite a 50 percent decrease in homicides over the past three years in San Francisco, incidents of violence and murder remain unchanged in several of the city\u2019s \u201chot zones,\u201d defined by the SFPD.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"newspack_popups_has_disabled_popups":false,"newspack_featured_image_position":"","newspack_post_subtitle":"","newspack_article_summary_title":"Overview:","newspack_article_summary":"","newspack_hide_updated_date":false,"newspack_show_updated_date":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[178,1597,987,1595,1596],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-13982","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","tag-carecen","tag-central-american-resource-center","tag-gangs","tag-homey","tag-homies-organizing-the-mission-to-empower-youth","entry"],"yoast_head":"\nMission youth face danger and difficulties - 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