{"id":13902,"date":"2012-04-03T18:32:56","date_gmt":"2012-04-04T01:32:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/?p=13902"},"modified":"2012-04-03T18:36:18","modified_gmt":"2012-04-04T01:36:18","slug":"california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/en\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\/","title":{"rendered":"California seeks to address failed pollution law"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/em>California\u2019s long-running campaign to reduce air pollution has indirectly helped create a new problem: Its oil refineries now produce more greenhouse gas emissions than refineries anywhere else in the country.<\/p>\n

On average, California refineries emit 19 to 33 percent more greenhouse gases per barrel of crude oil when stacked up against comparable gas-producing regions in the United States, according to a recent study commissioned by the Union of Concerned Scientists\u2026<\/p>\n

California began mandating cleaner burning fuel in the mid 1990s, in an effort to combat some of the worst smog levels in the country and comply with federal clean air laws. That spurred oil refiners to expand their facilities and install technology to remove pollutants like sulfur, so that exhaust pipes would spew out less of it.<\/p>\n

In the last decade however, oil refineries have begun processing a heavier and dirtier type of crude oil, including Canadian tar sands oil, which requires more cleaning to meet California\u2019s standard, and that extra cleaning means that refineries now use more energy and emit more CO2 than before.<\/p>\n

\u201cWith respect to emissions intensity, California officials have been running around claiming California\u2019s oil refineries are so much more energy efficient, that they are just cleaner \u2026 Obviously they were wrong,\u201d said Greg Karras, the study\u2019s author and a senior scientist with Communities for a Better Environment, a California nonprofit that advocates for residents who live near oil refineries.<\/p>\n

The study\u2019s findings emerge as California is taking another groundbreaking step to reduce global-warming gases. AB 32, a climate change law passed in 2006, aims to slash greenhouse gas emissions by 15 percent by the end of this decade and 80 percent by 2050. One of the ways it will do that is by capping emissions at oil refineries and other industrial facilities.<\/p>\n

Under a market-based mechanism known as cap-and-trade, refineries must gradually lower their emissions or buy or trade \u201callowances\u201d to meet the new standard. Dave Clegern, a spokesman for the California Air Resources Board (CARB), the agency tasked with implementing AB 32, said the emissions cap, which will gradually be lowered over time, will reduce greenhouse gases across key industrial sectors, including oil refining\u2026<\/p>\n

Oil refineries produce 10 percent of California\u2019s greenhouse gas emissions and up to 40 percent of its industrial emissions, according to a 2009 report by Communities for a Better Environment\u2026<\/p>\n

California\u2019s crude oil switch<\/strong>
\nOil refineries have turned to dirtier crude in recent years because it is cheaper than the light, sweet crude. Oil refineries that have the flexibility to process a wider spectrum of crude oils\u2014from light to heavy\u2014have a competitive advantage and are more profitable, industry analysts say.
\nAccording to investor reports, some of the state\u2019s top gasoline producers have upgraded their facilities to process heavier, higher sulfur crude oils. The Chevron refinery in El Segundo and the Shell refinery in Martinez added sulfur removal or recovery units. Chevron built a plant to produce hydrogen in El Segundo and has a permit pending for a similar expansion in Richmond.<\/p>\n

Karras, the study\u2019s author, emphasized that California\u2019s tough environmental laws aren\u2019t solely responsible for the rise in refinery emissions, because other states in his study have adopted similar laws over the years. What sets California apart, he said, is the way its refineries go about removing the sulfur.<\/p>\n

California\u2019s refineries generally choose to remove the sulfur earlier in the process, or further \u201cupstream,\u201d which expends more energy and emits more CO2 than if it were removed further \u201cdownstream\u201d in the process. According to the study, facilities on the East Coast, Midwest and Gulf Coast have a greater capacity to remove sulfur downstream compared with California plants.<\/p>\n

California refineries are also trying to squeeze out more products of value\u2014not just gasoline, but diesel and jet fuel\u2014from the dirtier crude, and that requires more energy and emits more CO2.<\/p>\n

Schaefer, who directs the Environmental Integrity Project, says the \u201cgame \u2026 is to get more out of each barrel\u201d of crude.<\/p>\n

\u201cIn a nutshell, the refinery is determined to get the very most out of each barrel, and if it\u2019s dirtier crude, that\u2019s more work,\u201d he said.
\nState at a crossroads<\/p>\n

Diane Bailey, a scientist with the Natural Resources Defense Council, says the trend toward dirtier crude in California is alarming because once facilities are upgraded to process the heavier stuff, it won\u2019t be easy for them to switch to other forms of crude.<\/p>\n

\u201cRefineries make choices on which crude feedstock to use, and that locks them in for a decade or two,\u201d she said. \u201cIt\u2019s a long-term investment. Crude feedstock affects carbon footprint\u2014these refineries have tremendous control over carbon budget.\u201d<\/p>\n

California\u2019s biggest stick to deter the oil industry\u2019s move to dirtier crude\u2014including the controversial Canadian tar sands oil\u2014may be its Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS), a little known component of AB 32. While earlier laws focused on making sure that cars were more fuel-efficient or that the gasoline they burned was cleaner, the standard is a first-ever attempt to consider\u2014and reduce\u2014the entire carbon footprint of motor fuels.<\/p>\n

The standard has two key parts: a biofuels policy that requires that gasoline be blended with renewable fuels to lower carbon intensity and a \u201chigh carbon intensity crude oil\u201d program that creates incentives for refineries to process cleaner forms of crude\u2026<\/p>\n

In December, a federal judge in Fresno issued an injunction to halt enforcement of the standard, saying it discriminates against out-of-state fuel sources and interferes with interstate commerce. The Air Resources Board has appealed the ruling, seeking a stay to the injunction. A decision by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco is pending\u2026<\/p>\n

This story was reported and written by Ngoc Nguyen at New America Media<\/a> in collaboration with editors at InsideClimate<\/a> News.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

California\u2019s long-running campaign to reduce air pollution has indirectly helped create a new problem: Its oil refineries now produce more greenhouse gas emissions than refineries anywhere else in the country.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"newspack_popups_has_disabled_popups":false,"newspack_featured_image_position":"","newspack_post_subtitle":"","newspack_article_summary_title":"Overview:","newspack_article_summary":"","newspack_hide_updated_date":false,"newspack_show_updated_date":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[1589,1590,1591,1592],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-13902","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","tag-ab-32","tag-california-air-resources-board","tag-carb","tag-natural-resources-defense-council","entry"],"yoast_head":"\nCalifornia seeks to address failed pollution law - El Tecolote<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"California\u2019s long-running campaign to reduce air pollution has indirectly helped create a new problem: Its oil refineries now produce more greenhouse gas emissions than refineries anywhere else in the country.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/en\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"California seeks to address failed pollution law - El Tecolote\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"California\u2019s long-running campaign to reduce air pollution has indirectly helped create a new problem: Its oil refineries now produce more greenhouse gas emissions than refineries anywhere else in the country.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/en\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"El Tecolote\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ElTecoloteSF\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2012-04-04T01:32:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2012-04-04T01:36:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/oil_drilling_equipment_oil_refining_equipment_2_bw.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"El Tecolote Staff\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@eltecolotesf\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@eltecolotesf\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"El Tecolote Staff\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/en\\\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/en\\\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"El Tecolote Staff\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/08828d10185eba96895a8363a269410e\"},\"headline\":\"California seeks to address failed pollution law\",\"datePublished\":\"2012-04-04T01:32:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2012-04-04T01:36:18+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/en\\\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":973,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/en\\\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2012\\\/04\\\/oil_drilling_equipment_oil_refining_equipment_2_bw.png\",\"keywords\":[\"AB 32\",\"California Air Resources Board\",\"CARB\",\"Natural Resources Defense Council\"],\"articleSection\":[\"News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/en\\\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/en\\\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/en\\\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\\\/\",\"name\":\"California seeks to address failed pollution law - El Tecolote\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/en\\\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/en\\\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2012\\\/04\\\/oil_drilling_equipment_oil_refining_equipment_2_bw.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2012-04-04T01:32:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2012-04-04T01:36:18+00:00\",\"description\":\"California\u2019s long-running campaign to reduce air pollution has indirectly helped create a new problem: Its oil refineries now produce more greenhouse gas emissions than refineries anywhere else in the country.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/en\\\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/en\\\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2012\\\/04\\\/oil_drilling_equipment_oil_refining_equipment_2_bw.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2012\\\/04\\\/oil_drilling_equipment_oil_refining_equipment_2_bw.png\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/\",\"name\":\"El Tecolote\",\"description\":\"San Francisco's Latinx newspaper since 1970\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"El Tecolote\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/ETlogo-1.jpg?fit=400%2C400&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/05\\\/ETlogo-1.jpg?fit=400%2C400&ssl=1\",\"width\":400,\"height\":400,\"caption\":\"El Tecolote\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/ElTecoloteSF\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/eltecolotesf\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/eltecolotesf\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/08828d10185eba96895a8363a269410e\",\"name\":\"El Tecolote Staff\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/9534c92c8c908364e186a64d93efc86f62367109d1b07a3454facde655968589?s=96&d=mm&r=g6afcb607783e095e4cf6be807353924d\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/9534c92c8c908364e186a64d93efc86f62367109d1b07a3454facde655968589?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/9534c92c8c908364e186a64d93efc86f62367109d1b07a3454facde655968589?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"El Tecolote Staff\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eltecolote.org\\\/content\\\/author\\\/web-editor\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"California seeks to address failed pollution law - El Tecolote","description":"California\u2019s long-running campaign to reduce air pollution has indirectly helped create a new problem: Its oil refineries now produce more greenhouse gas emissions than refineries anywhere else in the country.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/en\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"California seeks to address failed pollution law - El Tecolote","og_description":"California\u2019s long-running campaign to reduce air pollution has indirectly helped create a new problem: Its oil refineries now produce more greenhouse gas emissions than refineries anywhere else in the country.","og_url":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/en\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\/","og_site_name":"El Tecolote","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ElTecoloteSF\/","article_published_time":"2012-04-04T01:32:56+00:00","article_modified_time":"2012-04-04T01:36:18+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/oil_drilling_equipment_oil_refining_equipment_2_bw.png","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"El Tecolote Staff","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@eltecolotesf","twitter_site":"@eltecolotesf","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"El Tecolote Staff","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/en\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/en\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\/"},"author":{"name":"El Tecolote Staff","@id":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/#\/schema\/person\/08828d10185eba96895a8363a269410e"},"headline":"California seeks to address failed pollution law","datePublished":"2012-04-04T01:32:56+00:00","dateModified":"2012-04-04T01:36:18+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/en\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\/"},"wordCount":973,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/en\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/oil_drilling_equipment_oil_refining_equipment_2_bw.png","keywords":["AB 32","California Air Resources Board","CARB","Natural Resources Defense Council"],"articleSection":["News"],"inLanguage":"en","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/en\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/en\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\/","url":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/en\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\/","name":"California seeks to address failed pollution law - El Tecolote","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/en\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/en\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/oil_drilling_equipment_oil_refining_equipment_2_bw.png","datePublished":"2012-04-04T01:32:56+00:00","dateModified":"2012-04-04T01:36:18+00:00","description":"California\u2019s long-running campaign to reduce air pollution has indirectly helped create a new problem: Its oil refineries now produce more greenhouse gas emissions than refineries anywhere else in the country.","inLanguage":"en","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/en\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/en\/california-seeks-to-address-failed-pollution-law\/#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/oil_drilling_equipment_oil_refining_equipment_2_bw.png","contentUrl":"http:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/oil_drilling_equipment_oil_refining_equipment_2_bw.png"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/#website","url":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/","name":"El Tecolote","description":"San Francisco's Latinx newspaper since 1970","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/#organization","name":"El Tecolote","url":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/eltecolote.org\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ETlogo-1.jpg?fit=400%2C400&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/eltecolote.org\/content\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ETlogo-1.jpg?fit=400%2C400&ssl=1","width":400,"height":400,"caption":"El Tecolote"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ElTecoloteSF\/","https:\/\/x.com\/eltecolotesf","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/eltecolotesf\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/#\/schema\/person\/08828d10185eba96895a8363a269410e","name":"El Tecolote Staff","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9534c92c8c908364e186a64d93efc86f62367109d1b07a3454facde655968589?s=96&d=mm&r=g6afcb607783e095e4cf6be807353924d","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9534c92c8c908364e186a64d93efc86f62367109d1b07a3454facde655968589?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9534c92c8c908364e186a64d93efc86f62367109d1b07a3454facde655968589?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"El Tecolote Staff"},"url":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/author\/web-editor\/"}]}},"distributor_meta":false,"distributor_terms":false,"distributor_media":false,"distributor_original_site_name":"El Tecolote","distributor_original_site_url":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content","push-errors":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13902","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/35"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13902"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13902\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13929,"href":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13902\/revisions\/13929"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13902"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13902"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13902"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eltecolote.org\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=13902"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}